Heating or cooling of corrosive media, or high purity fluids, may pose a problem due to a combination of chemical attack, high pressures and high temperatures. Exotic materials such as special glass, titanium, zirconium, tantalum etc may have only a short service life.

PVDF (polyvinylidene) not only has extreme chemical resistance, but its smooth surface resists chemical incrustations and provides very low contamination.

Units specially for Electroplating solutions are available.